Seasons :D

It's me Julian, here so you can learn once again. This time I'm going talk about seasons. My favorite season is Summer. Do you know why? Okay, my first reason is that my birthday is in that season. My second reason is that school is out.

 Why do we have seasons? Why do seasons change? Those are good questions, If you want to find out is it READ THIS!

    


Seasons ( Fall, Summer, Spring, and Winter)
This is a video about the seasons.

Why Do We Have Seasons?
   
 Do you ever wonder why a globe is tilted? A globe is tilted because it is trying to be the model of the earth. The earth is tilted 23.5 degrees.


The Northern Hemisphere is always a different season in the Southern Hemisphere because the earth is tilted. So when it is Summer in North America in July, it is Winter in the Southern Hemisphere. That  happens because the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun. Can you believe it?... Winter in July?


When it is Winter in Europe, it is Summer in Australia. Try to guess this... If it is Fall in Canada, what season is it in Brazil? If you guessed Spring you are correct.
 
This is why we have seasons! Cool right? This all happens because the earth is tilted.

Why Do Seasons Change?
  The earth is tilted as it makes its yearly journey around the sun. I would never run non stop for a whole year. The earth's axis is tilted on an angle. This means one side of the earth is always facing the sun. The Northern Hemisphere leans to the sun in the summer. In fact in the summer the North Pole is facing toward the sun. So the part of the earth near the North Pole becomes warmer. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun it is Winter. In the North Pole it is the farther away from the sun it is colder. So the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere take turns being Summer and Winter. In between it is Fall and Spring.

 
Why we have seasons and why seasons change are kind've the same.

  If you learned something, good for you!! If you didn't, please comment. Well then, see you next time!!.

           

Rays :D

     I'm here it's me Julian. I'm here not to get you bored, but to teach you about rays. Rays can be cool if you think they are. I think they are cool because they are flappy, if that is a word. Oh yeah, if you don't know what rays look like here is a picture of multiple rays.


Body and Tail (of a ray)
   Do you ever wonder what the shape of a ray is? Rays have a flat body and a long tail that can grow over 10 feet long. That is a long tail right there. They have large chest fins. I would never want to have chest fins because they sound weird, but it is normal for rays. They are connected to the rays body to form the rays discs. The disc is circular, oval, wedged-shaped or triangular. Some bodies of rays settle in the sea bed and some just love swimming.
           Can you see the body shape and the long tail?
What Do Rays Eat and How Do They Eat
     You wonder how do rays eat? All rays eat different things, but all of them only eat meat meaning they are carnivores. They eat fish, crustaceans, mullosks, and worms. They mostly hunt on the bottom of the ocean.
     They eat their food somewhat normal. First, they find their meal. Second, they remove their meal from the ocean floor. Finally, they they grab the meal and crush it with their teeth. Then they enjoy their good tasting meal.


Rays Defences: Ka-ra-te
   Rays defenses isn't the chopping wood that we do. They use their whip like tail to cut an animal, sting enemies with a poisonous stinging tail, or they puncture enemies with the hard bony spines. They rarely use their mouths to attack animals. In the human world there are many ways to hurt an animal. Another good defense is what the army does on land, but the rays do it in water. The rays camoflauge in the sea bed.
     This is what they use to sting enemies.

    If you get stung by a ray, hopefully you don't, you would have a fever, get the chills, have naseu, vomit, shake, you can' move, you have seizures, and have decreased blood preassure for as long as 48 hours. Once again don't get stung by a ray.
 

Other Interesting Facts About Rays.
Rays probaly are smarter than sharks because a rays brain weighs more than its rest of its body. Thats a big brain.


They are also very curious. If a diver jumps in rays will observe the intruder. INTRUDER ALERT! They live all over the world. The earliest known ray is the guitarfish. Just because it doesn't have the word ray it is still a ray. It was alive in dinosour time.
Compare and Contrast
  I'm going to compare and contrast a shark and a ray.
   Both have jaws or else they would be in my blog a little bit of  ago with the jawless fish. Both also have cartilage so they are put in the same fish group, cartilaginous fish. If you didn't know what cartilage it is that wiggly thing thing on the bottom of your ear.


They also both have tails, but they use for different things.
             

Can you see that they both have tails?
 
    Time for the differences. First difference is the ray from a shark is that the shark has its gills on the side and the rays have there gills on the bottom of their body. Cooooooooooool. Oh yeah the rays body is flat and the sharks is torpedo shaped. That is a big difference. For my last difference it is wait a moment. Here it is the use of tails. The rays use their long tails for defense and the sharks use it for manuvering. Look at the tail.
         

Difference  (between a ray and a skate)
You probably don't know what a skate is. If you think it is a skate that you skate with your wrong. A skate is this.
                       
I don't know why they called it that but they look nothing alike.
Okay lets start with the differences know. The first difference is rays babies come out alive like humans and skates lay eggs like birds. The second difference is that skates have small teeth kind've like baby teeth and rays teeth are plate like teeth for crushing their prey. Oh yeah and my last difference most rays are bigger than skates.

   My Favorite Ray
     Can you guess what my favorite ray is? I bet you can't. Well, if you guessed Blind Electric Ray you are correct. This ray is my favorite because I like electrical things and I wanted to know why it is blind.

           
    Do you remember my blog about the Levels of Classification. Well the Blind Electric Ray's name is Typhlonarke aysoni. Another name I can't pronounce. It has two nicknames blind legged torpedo or round electric ray.
     It lives in Eastern New Zealand. If you don't know where that is its in the east of New Zealand.



  It is a kind've of short ray. It is only 15 inches in length. It also has a short tail and one dorsal fin.
   
   It has a thin nearly circular chest fins disc with invisible eyes. I want to be invisible not just invisible eyes. That will be so cool.
    Its pelvic fins are divided in to two. Pelvic fins are the fins in the area. It is a weak swimmer and it pushes itself with the pelvic fins.
   It has two kidney shaped electrical organs beside the head so it can shock people for defense.


I hoped you learned something about rays and had a lot of fun. See you next time.


 
    

The Features of Shaks

Its me Julian. I'm here to blog about my favorite thing in science, sharks because  You might think as sharks as the scariest thing ever because it can kill you. They are known as the worst thing in the ocean. Actually we kill more of them than they kill us. Most of them are not dangerous to humans.

 Yes, I know the title is spelled wrong but if you listen to this video you will know what I'm talking about.

   THE FACTS

      I know you think there are not a lot of species of sharks. Well, there are over 400 species of sharks. Yes, the big 4-0-0. Out of those 400 species only 30 species are dangerous to us humans and 12 attack humans on a regular basis. In this picture there are only some of the species out of the 400.



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You might not know the shape of a shark. Maybe you can't describe the shape. Well not all sharks have the same shape. Most of them have a torpedo shaped body. Yes like an actual torpedo. If you think, what does a torpedo shaped shark look like? Well it looks like this:







They look so alike.

You never ever want to touch a shark because you're afraid it is going to bite you. Well to find out how a shark feels biologists had to touch the sharks. They rubbed them from head to tail and they felt smooth. When they rubbed it from tail to head the skin felt rough like sandpaper.

 I bet you they thought it is weird to have the different textures, but it is true. It depends upon your body. Our bodies feel smooth up or down.

    I guarantee you that you don't know what a baby shark is called. They are called pups. When you think of pups you think of small dogs. You can't really tell the difference between a baby shark and an adult shark. Its size is different and how it lives is different. You think the baby sharks are cuter than the adult sharks, but they are the same.



      You never want to see or even touch a sharks teeth, right? The shape of a sharks teeth are triangular. Our teeth are squared in a way. Triangular teeth that are sharper compared to our square teeth. So they must be able to take a way stronger bite than us, but some sharks can't take that big hard bite like us. You think how many rows of teeth do the sharks have. It has three rows of teeth on each jaw! So if one falls out a new one comes in. It it is like a factory.


    Do you ever wonder how many senses a shark has? You probably don't but i'm am still gonna tell you any ways. Unlike us sharks have 6 senses and we have 5. When they are hunting for food if that type of shark has bad eye sight it can sense the electricity waves from the other fish and than eat them. Don't you wish we had that awesome sense. The smell is great for a shark. It can smell blood from a mile away. If I had that sense of smell I would go to Chick- Fil-A right away. Most sharks have good eye sight, but their sense of smell is way better.


3 Cool Sharks
     The first shark that I picked is the megamouth shark. I picked this shark because I thought it had a big mouth. Thats why it is called a megamouth shark.



     It weighs 3000 lbs. You think that is alot, but it is not even close to the heaviest shark in the world. It is  15 ft. in length. It swims from 4 mph. to 11.3 mph. That is about how fast an average human can run. Right? The megamouth shark can live up to 25 years. That is pretty long for a shark. They swim in hot and warm water in the deep ocean. It is not dangerous so don't be afraid. The megamouth shark eats plankton and jellyfish, 2 totally different things. They are extremely rare to find. Scientist don't know if they are endangered.




      The second shark I picked is the cat shark. I picked this because I love cats, but it looks nothing like a  cat.

     
     It weighs  10 lbs. which is a little bit more than a new born baby. It is really small at 3 ft. tall. It can live up to 15 years. They live in hot and warm water. It is not dangerous so don't be scared. They like to eat small fish, squid, and mollusks. So many choices. It is not endangered so there must be many of them.
  


    The  third and final shark I picked is the dusky shark. I picked this because it has a weird name. Listen to this DUSKY shark.

     The dusky shark weighs a strong 350 lbs. It is pretty tall at 13 ft. It can go 20 mph. Which is fast for a human. It can live up to 30 years . That is long for a shark. It lives on coastal waters . That means it lives near land. It is dangerous so watch out. It eats fish and squid. It doesn't have that many choices. It is almost endangered so don't kill it. FUN FACT: The dusky shark has the strongest bite out of all sharks.
    Well, I hoped you learned something about sharks. If you didn't post a comment. Well see ya next time

The Two Jawless Fish? Hagfish and Lampreys

Hey! What's up? I'm back. Yeah, it's me, Julian. Do you like to talk about fish? Well, I'm going to talk about

     What seems like billions of years ago there used to be tons of millions of types of jawless fish. Well, now there are only two types of jawless fish, hagfish and lampreys.
      Hagfish                   Lamprey
LAMPREY :)
     Let's talk about the lamprey first.The lamprey is black, grey and a little bit of blue. There is a shiny white color underneath the lamprey. They had to touch the lamprey and turn it over to find that out. I would never do that. The lamprey is 2 to 20 inches long.
       The lampreys can suck body fluids out of its prey's bodies, which I never want to see. They eat large fish like trout. The lamprey puts its big teeth into its prey's mouth and rips out a hole with its rough tounge. Then the lamprey will suck the body fluids out. A special chemical in the lamprey's saliva will hurt the fish. The saliva keeps it from getting hurt for a long time.
HAGFISH :D
      Now let's talk about the hagfish. The name might sound scary but trust me the lamprey is scarier. There are 30 different types of hagfish, which is too many for me to remember. They are 16 to 32 inches long. That is pretty long. Their eyes are under their skin so they use their gross tentacles to sense things. As a matter of fact they have 8 tentacles. Did you know that they have 5 to 15 pairs of gills? Hagfish have NO scales. Do you know where hagfish live? If you did not know they live ay the bottom of a saltwater ocean. Hagfish don't eat algae, they survive on dead or dying fish. I wonder how you can live off of that. They eat inside out. They don't have bones like us, they have cartilage.
         Similarities :P
    There are many similarities between the hagfish and lamprey. Both hagfish and lamprey lack scales and plates and have slimy skin. They are cold blooded, and do not have to warm themselves through eating. They have a slow metabolism, and have to eat relatively small quantities of food.
Differences ;)
     There are a lot of differences between a lamprey and hagfish also. When I mean a lot I mean a lot. The lamprey lives in fresh water more than as well as the ocean. It acts both as a parasite and non parasite. You might be asking what is a parasite. Well a parasite is an organism that lives on or in an organism of another species, known as the host, from the body of which it gets food. It may grow up to 1 meter. The hagfish live in the ocean. It acts  as a parasite. Its size is up to 1meter. The lamprey has a big body and less slimy skin. It has a front mouth and working pairs of eyes. The hagfish has a fragile body and a more slimy skin. It has a concluding mouth and the balance pair of eyes. The lamprey tongue is not well made up. It has larger teeth. The tongue of hagfish is well made up. It has smaller teeth. The development of lamprey is indirect with the formation of larva. They have 20 skull nerves and 14 gill slits. The hagfish shows the direct development without the formation of larva. They have 16 cranial nerves and 2 gill slits. The salivary glands secrete an anticoagulant in lamprey and they remove the flesh and suck the blood of fishes. The hag fish has no salivary glands and mainly acts as a scavenger on dead fishes.
   Well, before I leave, see you later on my next blog.

   

The Levels of Classification

     Hey what's up! I'm going to teach you about
The 7 Levels of Classification



     My favorite animal is the cheetah because it is really fast. The color of the cheetah is awesome!


      The cheetah belongs in the kingdom anamilia. It is an animal so yeah. Every animal belongs in the animal kingdom. All animals can't make there own food so they have to get food. Basically animals hunt their prey to be alive.
     The cheetah belongs in the phylum chordata. That means the cheetah has a backbone. Most animals don't have backbones. Bugs don't have backbones for some reason that I don't know. Dolphins have backbones and so do whales. Frogs have backbones which makes it in chordata.
 
     The cheetah belongs in the class mammalia. That means its a mammal. Us humans are mammals. Mammilia is made up of animals that have fur or hair and produce milk for there young. It is divided into orders. A seal is a mammal. A bear is a mammal. Dogs are also mammals.

      The cheetah belongs into order carnivoria. That means its a carnivore a.k.a meat eating animals. I am a carnivore. Dogs are carnivores. Deer are also carnivores. Another carnivore are cats.

      The cheetah belongs into family felidae. That means it roars or purs. A cat is in felidae so is a tiger and a lion.

     The cheetah belongs to the genus acinonyx. It differs from most other cats in various respects. The cheetah can not fully retract its claws. The cheetah is the only animal that is genus acinonyx because all of other species have been extinct. The generally larger members of cats - including the lion, tiger, jaguar and leopard - belong to the genus panthera. This picture is a part of genus panthera.

     The cheetah belongs into species jubatus. The cheetah is the fastest animal in the world. It can get up to 2 and a half feet to 3 feet  at the shoulder. I can weigh up from 110 lbs. to 140 lbs. The fastest it can go is 70 mph. Its life span is 10 to 12 years.

      So basically since scientist all over the world speak another language they will call a cheetah a Acinonyx Jubatus. I know it sounds weird, but it is the scientific name for a cheetah.
      Well, see ya next time.